Spring Steel

 

Spring steel is a unique metal material known for its excellent elasticity and plasticity. It is an alloy composed of many elements, such as carbon, silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus and so on. The content and proportion of these elements play a crucial role in the characteristics of spring steel, determining its key properties such as hardness, ductility and corrosion resistance.

 

High elasticity: The main feature of spring steel is a high degree of elasticity. It can withstand a large number of deformation without breaking, with strong resilience and recovery ability. Whether compressed, bent or stretched, spring steel quickly returns to its original state, enabling elastic transfer and energy storage. This makes spring steel have a wide range of applications in many fields, such as automobiles, machinery, electronics, furniture and so on.

 

High durability: Due to the characteristics of the material itself, spring steel has excellent durability. It can maintain stable mechanical properties under long-term high frequency working conditions, and is not easy to produce plastic deformation and fatigue fracture. This makes spring steel widely used in a variety of important mechanical devices and elastic components.

 

Good plasticity: The plasticity of spring steel means that its material can maintain a certain degree of ductility and flexibility during deformation. It has excellent cold working properties, and its hardness and strength can be improved by heat treatment processes such as cooling and quenching, while maintaining a certain degree of plasticity. This makes spring steel easier to process and form during the manufacturing process.

 

 

1. Classification according to chemical composition
According to GB/T 13304 standard, spring steel is divided into non-alloy spring steel (carbon spring steel) and alloy spring steel according to its chemical composition.
carbon
Plain spring steel
The carbon content (mass fraction) of carbon spring steel is generally 0.62% to 0.90%. According to its manganese content, it is divided into general manganese content (mass fraction) (0.50%~0.80%) such as 65, 70, 85 and higher manganese content (mass fraction) (0.90~1.20%), such as 65Mn two categories.
Alloy spring steel
Alloy spring steel is a steel that is based on carbon steel and improves the mechanical properties, hardenability and other properties of steel by adding one or several alloying elements appropriately to meet the required properties of various springs.
The basic components of alloy spring steel series are silicon manganese spring steel, silicon chromium spring steel, chromium manganese spring steel, chromium vanadium spring steel, tungsten chromium vanadium spring steel and so on. On the basis of these series, some grades have added alloy elements such as molybdenum, vanadium or boron in order to improve some aspects of their performance.
In addition, some grades are selected as spring steel from other steel types, such as high-quality carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel, high-speed tool steel, stainless steel.
Second, according to the production and processing methods classified
A. Hot-rolled (forged) steel includes hot-rolled round steel, square steel, flat steel, steel plate, forged round steel, square steel.
Cold drawn (rolled) steel includes steel wire, steel strip, cold drawn steel (cold drawn round steel).
Third, according to the steel delivery status classification
A. Hot-rolled (forged) steel
A. The steel delivered in hot rolled (forged) state is hot-formed into springs, and then quenched and tempered.
B. The steel delivered in annealed condition is cold-formed into springs, and then quenched and tempered.
The above shall comply with the corresponding delivery condition hardness regulations.
⒉ Cold drawing (rolling) steel
A. Steel wire
① Salt bath isothermal quenching cold drawn steel wire (also known as Patenton cold drawn steel wire) steel wire made of spring only need to be tempered at low temperature to eliminate stress.
② Oil quenching and tempering steel wire cold drawn to the required size, continuous heating, continuous oil quenching and lead tempering. After the steel wire is made into a spring, only the bottom temperature fire is carried out to eliminate stress.
③ Cold drawn steel wire (that is, steel wire without quenching and tempering treatment)
a. Delivery in cold pull condition.
b. Delivery in annealing, normalizing or tempering condition.
The steel wire made of spring delivered in the above two states needs to be quenched and tempered.
B. Steel tape
① After cold rolling, the spring should be tempered at low temperature to eliminate stress.
After the quenching and tempering state is delivered into the spring, low temperature tempering is required to reduce the stress.
③ Quench and temper the spring after the annealing fire is delivered
C. Cold drawn steel
Steels delivered in annealed form are cold-formed into springs, which are then quenched and tempered.

 

Hot rolled or annealed rod

China	Japan	American	Germany
GB	JIS	ASTM、AISI、SAE	DIN
65	SWRH 67B（高） SWRS 67B（琴） SUP2	SAE 1065 AISI 1065	—
70	SWRH 72B SWRS 72B	SAE 1070 AISI 1070	Ck67E、Ck67 1.1231
85	SWRH 82B SWRS 82B	SAE 1086 AISI 1086	C85E、CK85 1.1269
65Mn	—	SAE1066	—
T8Mn	SK5	—	C80W2 1.1625
T9	SK90、TC90 （SK5）	W1-A81/2 T 72301	C85W 1.1830
55Si2Mn	—	SAE 9255 AISI 9255	55Si7、56Si7 1.5026、1.0904
60Si2Mn	SUP 6 SUP 7	SAE 9260 AISI 9260	60SiMn5 1.5142
50CrV	SUP10	SAE 6150 AISI 6150 ASTM A231/ A231M ASTM A232/ A232M(阀)	50CrV4 51CrV4 1.8159
55CrSi	SUP12	SAE9254 ASTM A401/ A401M ASTM A877/ A877(阀)	54SiCr6 1.7102
55CrMn	SUP9	SAE 5155 AISI 5155	55Cr3 1.7176
60CrMn	SUP9A	SAE 5160 AISI 5160	—
60CrMnB	SUP11A	SAE 51B60 AISI 51B60	—
60CrMnMo	SUP13	SAE 4160 AISI 4160	—
60Si2Cr	—	—	60SiCr7 1.7108
30W4Cr2V	—	—	30WCrV17.9 1.2243
1Cr18Ni9	SUS 302	ASTM 302	X8CrNi18-19 1.4305
0Cr18Ni9	SUS 304	ASTM 304	X5CrNi18-10 1.4301

 

 

Steel type	China	American	Japan	Germany	France	Britain	Russia	International standard
	CB	ASTM	JIS	DIN	NF	BS		ISO
Carbon steel	65	1065		Ck67	XC65	060A67	65	TypeDC,SC
	70	1070			XC70	070A72	70	TypeDC,SC
	85	1085	SUP3	Ck85	XC85	060A86	85	TypeDC,SC
Manganese steel	65Mn	1066				080A86	65T
Silico-manganese steel	55Si2Mn	9255		54SiCr6	56Si7	Z51A58	55C2	56SiCr7
	55Si2MnB
	55SiMnVB
	60Si2Mn	9260	SUP6,SUP7	60SiCr7	60Si7	Z51A60	60C2	61SiCr7
	60Si2MnA						60C2A
Silicochrome steel	60Si2CrA	-9254	SUP12				60C2XA	55SiCr63
	60Si2CrVA						60C2X¢A
Chrome-manganese steel	55CrMnA	5155	SUP9	55Cr3	55Cr3	525A58		55Cr3
	60CrMnA	5160	SUP9A			525A60
Chromium manganese boron steel	60CrMnBA	51B60	SUP11A				55XTP	60CrB3
Chromium manganese molybdenum steel	60CrMnMoA	4146	SUP13		60CrMo	705A60		60CrMo33
Chrome-vanadium steel	50CrVA	6150	SUP10	50CrV4	51CrV4	735A51	50Cr¢A	51CrV4
Tungsten chromium vanadium steel	30W4Cr2VA

China	American		japan	Germany	France	Britain	International standard	Europe
CB	ASTM	AISI UNS	JIS	DIN	NF	BS	ISO	EN
Austenitic type
1Cr17Ni7	301	S30100	SUS301	X12CrNi17-07	Z12CN17-07	301s21	14
1Cr18Ni9	302	S30200	SUS302		Z10CN18-9	301s25	12	Z10CrNi18-08
						301s31
0Cr18Ni9	304	S30400	SUS304	X5CrNi18-10	Z6CN18-08	304S15	X5CrNi18-10	X5CrNi18-10
						301S31	X5CrNi18-9
0Cr17Ni12Mo2	316	S31600	SUS316	X5CrNi17.12.2	Z7CN17-12-02	316S16	20,20A	X5CrNi17-12-2
							X5CrNi17.12.2
					Z7CN17-11-02	316S31	X6CrNi17.12.13
Precipitation hardening type
0Cr17Ni7AL	631	S17700	SUS631	X7CrNiAL17.7	Z9CNAL7-07		2	X7CrNiAL7.7
17-7PH
0Cr15NiMo2AL	632	S15700			Z10CNMAL5-07		3	X8CrNiMoAL15-7-2
PH15-7M0
马氏体型
2Cr13	420	S42000	SUS420J1	X20Cr13	Z20Cr13	420S29	4	X20Cr13
3Cr13	420	S42000	sus420J2	X30Cr13	z30Cr13	420S29	5	X30Cr13

 

 

Spring steel grade	Main use
65 70 80 85	It is widely used, but it is mostly used for small springs with low operating temperature or larger springs with less important sizes and general mechanical springs
65Mn 70Mn	Manufacture a variety of small section flat springs, round springs. Spring, etc., can also make spring ring, valve spring. Shock absorber and clutch reed, brake spring, etc
28SiMnB	Used in the manufacture of automotive leaf springs
40SIMnVBE	Used for the production of automobile stabilizer bar, can also produce larger specifications of plate springs, coil springs
55SIMnVB
60CrMnB	Suitable for the manufacture of thicker leaf springs. Automotive guide arm and other products
60CrMnMo	Oversized springs used in large civil buildings, heavy vehicles, machinery, etc
60Si2Cr	It is used to make important springs with large loads. Construction machinery springs, etc
55SiCr	It is used to make helical spring and valve spring for automobile suspension
56Si2MnCr	Generally used for cold drawn wire. Suspension springs made of quenched and tempered steel wire, or large plate springs with plate thickness greater than 10 mm~15 mm
52Si2CrMnNi	Chromium-silico-manganese-nickel steel, used by European customers to make large-size stabilizer rods for heavy trucks
55SiCrV	Used to make spiral spring valve springs for automobile suspension It is used to manufacture high strength variable section plate springs, coil springs for truck bogies, and important large bombs with large loads
60Si2CrV	Spring. Construction machinery spring, etc
50CrV	Suitable for producing helical springs with high working stress and strict fatigue performance requirements. Automobile plate spring, etc.; Can also be used as a high negative for larger sections
51CrMnV	Valve springs, piston springs and safety valve springs with an operating temperature less than 300 C
52CrMnMoV	Used as automobile plate spring, high-speed bus bogie spring, automobile guide arm, etc
60Si2MnCrV	Can be used to make large load of automotive plate springs
30W4Cr2V	It is mainly used for heat-resistant springs with operating temperature below 500 C, such as steam turbine main steam valve spring, boiler safety valve spring, etc

steel grade		60	75	85	65Mn	60Si2Mn	50CrVA
composition, %	C	0.62~0.70	0.72~0.80	0.62~0.70	0.62~0.70	0.57~0.65	0.46~0.54
	Mn	0.50~0.80	－	0.90~1.20	0.90~1.20	0.60~0.90	0.50~0.80
	Si	0.17~0.37	－	0.17~0.37	0.17~0.37	1.50~2.00	0.17~0.80
	Cr	£0.25	－	£0.25	£0.25	£0.30	0.80~1.10
heat treatment	quench,℃	840(oil)	820(oil)	830(oil)	830(oil)	870(oil)	850
	temper,℃	480	－	480	480	460	520
performance	sb MPa	800	900	800	800	1200
	ss MPa	1000	1100	1000	1000	1300
	d5 %	9	7	8	8	5	10
use		Small spring with section <12mm~15mm			Springs with a section of £25mm, such as box spring, locomotive spring, buffer coil spring		Important springs with a section of £30mm, such as small cars, truck plate springs, torsion bar springs, heat resistant springs below 350 ° C

 

As one of the leading spring steel manufacturers and suppliers in China for 20 years, we warmly welcome you to buy spring steel made in China here from our factory. All products are with high quality and competitive price.

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