Titanium

 

Titanium, which looks like steel and has a silver-gray luster, is a transition metal and has been considered a rare metal for some time in the past. Titanium is not a rare metal, titanium in the Earth's crust accounts for about 0.42% of the total weight, is copper, nickel, lead, zinc combined 16 times. Ranking seventh in the metal world, there are more than 70 minerals containing titanium. Titanium has high strength, low density, high hardness, high melting point and strong corrosion resistance. High purity titanium has good plasticity, but becomes brittle and hard when impurities are present.

 

 

Titanium alloys can be divided according to different classification methods, mainly according to organizational structure, use temperature, use and characteristics and other ways to be classified. 12

 

According to the structure classification: titanium alloy can be divided into α titanium alloy, α+β titanium alloy and β titanium alloy. α-titanium alloy is a single-phase α-phase solid solution alloy with stable microstructure, strong wear resistance and oxidation resistance, but not high strength at room temperature. β-titanium alloy is a single-phase β-phase solid solution alloy, which has high strength without heat treatment and can be further strengthened after heat treatment, but the thermal stability is poor. α+β titanium alloy is a biphase alloy with good comprehensive properties, such as toughness, plasticity and high temperature deformation properties, and can be strengthened by heat treatment.

 

According to the use of temperature classification: titanium alloy can be divided into aircraft structure titanium alloy and engine structure titanium alloy, etc., according to the specific use of temperature and performance requirements to choose.

 

Classification by use and characteristics: Titanium alloys can be further subdivided into low-strength titanium alloys, medium-strength titanium alloys, high-strength titanium alloys, ultra-high strength titanium alloys, damage tolerance titanium alloys, low-cost high-performance titanium alloys, etc., to meet the needs of different fields and applications.

 

Classification by production process: Titanium alloys can be divided into cast titanium alloys, deformed titanium alloys and powder titanium alloys, which are classified according to the specific production and processing technology.

 

According to the annealing structure classification: titanium alloy can be divided into α titanium alloy, α+β titanium alloy and ε titanium alloy three categories, according to the annealing structure of the division.

 

Because of its excellent comprehensive properties, such as high strength, good corrosion resistance and heat resistance, titanium alloy is widely used in aviation, aerospace, chemical industry, Marine development and other fields. Different types of titanium alloys have their own characteristics and advantages to meet the needs of different application scenarios.

 

 

Mechanical response of titanium material to applied stress or load. Loading temperature, deformation rate and environmental medium all affect the mechanical properties. The main (de) mechanical properties are: yield strength and fracture strength, elongation, surface shrinkage and impact work, fatigue strength and fatigue limit, fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth rate and creep resistance.

Yield strength (σ0.2) and fracture strength (σF) The strength of industrial pure titanium and titanium alloy (de) is related to the content of interstice position (de) elements [O], [N], [C] and other (de) elements in the material, and these elements are usually integrated together and specified as equivalent oxygen [O]eq, which is calculated as follows: [O]eq = [O]+2[N]+0.75[C](atomic percent). With the increase of [O]eq(de), the yield strength of titanium material (de) increases significantly. The yield strength is closely related to the microstructure, for example,α+β titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) fine (de) isometric structure (de) the highest yield strength and fracture strength, can reach 1120MPa and 1505MPa, respectively.

 

The mixture of primary isometric α phase and fine acicular (or sheet)(de) is called dimorphic structure, and its fracture strength (1455MPa) is higher than that of coarse isometric (de) (0MPa). Complete acicular structure (de)σ0.2 is the lowest. The fracture strength of metastable β titanium alloys, such as Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al, is affected by cold rolling deformation, solution treatment and cooling rate (de).

The increase of elongation, shrinkage and impact energy [O]eq decreases the elongation of titanium at room temperature (de).[N](de) has the largest effect, followed by [O] and then [C]. Annealing for a long time (500h) can make the surface shrinkage and impact work of industrial pure titanium (de) appear at the lowest value near 500℃. The elongation at high temperature is around 500℃, and the minimum value also appears. When the tensile rate ε is 2.7×10-5/s, the performance of industrial pure titanium is particularly obvious. The elongation of fine crystal (6μm) titanium at high temperature did not decrease.

 

The elongation or fracture of fine isaaxial structure (de) of α+β titanium alloy is quenched by water after 4V solution at 1088K. The β phase can be induced into martensite during deformation, showing that the Charpy impact energy and dynamic fracture toughness are significantly improved at 223K(de). At the same time, elongation and fracture strain are also increased. The yield strength, fracture strength and elongation of Ti-5Al-2.5Fe and Ti-6Al-4V alloys (de) can be increased by 8% ~ 15%,5% ~ 13% and 7% ~ 14% respectively by using the new hydrogen treatment process.

Fatigue strength and fatigue limit Industrial pure titanium has a definite (de) fatigue limit, which increases with the increase of equivalent oxygen and decreases with grain coarsening. The fatigue strength (σN) of Ti-6Al-4V(de) (i.e., the life span of 107 weeks (de) stress range) depends both on the structure of the alloy (de) and on the ambient medium (de) during the test. The coarse equiaxed structure (de) has the lowest σN, less than 500MPa, and in air and 3.5%NaCl solution, the two-dimensional structure (de) has a higher σN, up to 650 ~ 700MPa. In titanium alloys, the fatigue properties of smooth samples (de) with equiaxial α+β microstructure are better than those of transformed β microstructure (de), and the fatigue crack initiation (de) life of the former is longer. However, the fatigue crack propagation resistance of transformed β structure (de) is larger.

The plane strain fracture toughness of titanium alloy (de) is closely related to its microstructure. Regardless of the strength level, the fracture toughness KIC formed by β processing is higher than that of the same strength (de) isaemic structure, but the conventional (de) elongation is damaged. Although the composition of α+β titanium alloy is determined, due to the different heat treatment (de) experience, it can appear very different (de) microstructure. Even though the yield strength is almost the same, the fracture toughness of different oriented materials (de) is very different. The KIC of coarse structure (de) was 22% higher than that of fine structure (de) in T-L orientation (de) of Ti-6Al-4V thick plate. In order to achieve a proper balance between fracture toughness and conventional elongation, heat treatment to obtain two-state structure (de) can be performed. The effect of the microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy (de) on the slow crack growth (de) tear modulus (TR)(de) is more significant than that of the fracture toughness (JIC)(de). If there is metastable β phase in the alloy, α "martensite induced during deformation is helpful to improve the fracture toughness at lower temperature (de). α-type titanium alloy (de) fracture toughness is affected by α2(Ti3Al) precipitation (de), the strength increases, and the KIC decreases.

The fracture toughness of β titanium alloy is mainly determined by the (de)α phase (de) precipitation from β phase. Ti-15-3 alloy is aged at high temperature and then low temperature, there are both coarse α phase and fine (de)α phase in the microstructure, and the strength and fracture toughness are balanced satisfactorily. Cast Ti-15-3 titanium alloy (de)KIC and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy equivalent. Improving the fracture toughness (de) of titanium alloy is a metallurgical factor, and it is also a factor to reduce the fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN)(de).

 

The creep resistance of nearly α titanium alloy is 400 ~ 500℃ high temperature (de) titanium alloy, and its highest creep resistance is obtained by cooling to room temperature after heat treatment in the β phase zone (de). The use of (de) titanium alloys at higher temperatures damages their mechanical properties due to the occurrence of metallurgical instability, ordered phase Ti3X precipitation, silicates precipitation and oxygen-rich surface layer formation.

 

Alloy grade	Characteristics and applications
Ti-5Al-2.5Sn	The ability of crack resistance during forging is good, the form ability is reasonable, the weld ability is good, and the heat treatment can not be strengthened. Used for transmission gear box housing, jet engine housing device and guide vane cover, pipeline structure, etc
Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V	The ability of form ability and crack resistance during forging is acceptable, and the weld ability is good, but it can not be strengthened by heat treatment. Jet engine blades, impels and housings, gyroscope universal guide blade housings, inner skins and frames of nozzle devices, etc
Ti-6Al-4V	It is a heat-treatment strengthened titanium alloy, which has good weld ability sheet form ability and forging performance. Used to manufacture jet engine compressor blades, impellers, etc. Others such as landing gear wheels and structural parts, fasteners, brackets, aircraft accessories, frames, stringer structures, pipes, are widely used
Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn	It is a titanium alloy that can be strengthened by heat treatment. It has good crack resistance during forging, but poor weld ability. It is used for manufacturing fasteners, inlet control guide devices, and test structural parts
Ti-13V-11Cr-3Al	It belongs to the titanium alloy that can be strengthened by heat treatment, has good form ability, certain crack resistance when forging, and good weld ability. It is used as structural forgings, plate girder structure, skin, frame, bracket, aircraft accessories, fasteners
Ti-2.25Al-11Sn-5Zr-1Mo-0.2Si	It belongs to the titanium alloy which can be strengthened by heat treatment and has good crack resistance during forging. It is used to manufacture jet engine blades, impels, landing gear rollers, aircraft skeletons, fasteners, etc
Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo	Good form ability and weld ability, good crack resistance when forging, but not heat treatment strengthening. Used in the manufacture of compressor blades, impellers, landing gear rollers, spacer compressor box assemblies, aircraft frames, skin components, etc
Ti-4Al-3Mo-1V	It is a heat-treatable titanium alloy with good forg ability and form ability. Used in the manufacture of aircraft skeleton components
IMI125 IMI130 IMI160	Industrial pure titanium, excellent corrosion resistance, higher specific strength, better fatigue limit, good forg ability, can be forged by ordinary methods, forming and welding. Can be made into board, rod, silk. Used in aviation, medical, chemical and other aspects, such as exhaust pipes, firewalls, hot skin and parts requiring good plasticity and corrosion resistance
IMI317	It belongs to the α type titanium alloy, which can be welded, has good oxidation resistance, strength and high temperature stability at 315~593ºC, and can manufacture forgings and plate parts, such as aircraft engine compressor blades, shells and supports
IMI315	It belongs to α+ß type titanium alloy, which can be strengthened by heat treatment, and is used for aero-engine compressor disc and blade, missile parts, etc
IMI318	α+ß alloy, with good forgability and comprehensive performance, is a titanium alloy commonly used in various countries for aero-engine compressor discs and blades
IMI550	α+ß titanium alloy, easy to forge, good strength at room temperature, high creep resistance (below 400ºC), high lasting strength, widely used in the manufacture of engine and wing slide rails, power control device enclosures, etc.
IMI551	It is a high-strength titanium alloy with high strength, high creep limit (below 400ºC), good forg-ability, etc. It is used for manufacturing aircraft components such as landing gear, mounting seat, gas turbine components, and can also be used in general engineering and chemical industry, turbine blades, compressor parts and other high-speed rotating parts
IMI685	It is a kind of α+ß type titanium alloy, which has high specific strength at room temperature and medium temperature, good creep resistance at high temperature (520ºC), good high temperature stability, weldable, easy to process, and high operating temperature. It is used to make aircraft engine parts
IMI684	It belongs to α+ß type titanium alloy, which is weldable, has good creep resistance (below 535ºC) and excellent thermal stability. The alloy has similar properties to IMI685 for the same purpose. Used to make high pressure compressor disc and blade
IMI679	It is a complex α-type titanium alloy with good strength, high creep limit, high temperature stability and good oxidation resistance at 450~500ºC, and its cylinder head fatigue strength is high. Used in the manufacture of aero-engine compressor disc, blade, aircraft skeleton and so on
IMI230	α-type titanium alloy, medium strength, good plasticity, weldable, can age strengthen, easy to form, alloy in the annealed state of use, with high mechanical properties. It is used to make engine conduits and aircraft structures that work below 350ºC
T-A5E	Good plasticity and toughness at -253ºC
T-A6V	With good comprehensive performance, it is a high-quality material used in aerospace industry
T-A7D	Medium weld ability, high mechanical properties, used as forging
T-A6V6E2	Mainly used in the production of gas turbine engines and aircraft missile structural parts
T-TU2	Solder ability and form ability in the quenched state for use below 350ºC
T-T6Zr4DE	Weldable for jet engine blades and discs
Ti-6246	It can make gas turbine disks, fan blades and structural parts for aircraft and missiles
T-V13CA	Used to make frames and honeycomb structures below 250ºC
T-A6Z5W	Weldable, high-strength titanium alloys with good creep resistance at 520ºC
T-A6ZD	Parts used to make jet engines (e.g. blades, discs, etc.)
T-A4DE2	The alloy has high strength and creep resistance below 400ºC
3.7114	Weldable, qualified formability, medium strength
3.7124	Ductility, weld ability and high temperature strength are similar to industrial pure titanium for parts and corrosion resistance below 350ºC
3.7134	With low density and high elastic modulus, it is used to make compressor discs and blades that work below 450ºC and is an important material for the aviation industry
3.7144	For the manufacture of aero-engine rotors and blades operating below 450ºC
3.7164	Good overall performance for high-stress mechanical parts working below 350ºC
3.7154	The alloy has high strength, good creep resistance and can be welded. For long-term working parts below 500ºC, such as aero-engine compressor parts
3.7174	It belongs to high strength titanium alloy, which can be strengthened by heat treatment and has good forging performance
3.7184	It is used to make aero-engine components such as compressor discs and blades that operate below 400ºC
LT32	The alloy has high strength and good harden ability, and is used to make aircraft skeletons and missile forgings that work below 427ºC
LT41	It is a heat-treatable titanium alloy with excellent form ability and is used to make aircraft skeletons, skins, honeycomb structures, pressure vessels and high-strength fasteners

 

China	America	Russia
TAD titanium iodide	Grade1 Number 1 Pure titanium	BT1-00 Industrial pure titanium
TA1 Industrial pure titanium	Grade22 Pure titanium titanium.	BT1-0 Industrial pure titanium
TA2 Industrial pure titanium	Grade3 Number 3 Pure titanium titanium	0T4-0 Ti-0. 8A1-0. 7Sn
TA3 Industrial pure titanium	Grade4 Number 4 Pure titanium titanium	0T4-1 Ti -- -- 2A1-1.5Mn
TA4 Ti-3Al	Grade5 Ti-6Al-4V	0T4 Ti-3Al-1. 5Mn
TA5 Ti-4Al -0. 005B	Grade6 Ti-5Al-2. 5V	BT5 Ti-5Al
TA6 Ti-5Al	Grade7 Ti-0. 2Pd	BT5-1 Ti-5Al-2. 5Sn
TA7 Ti-5Al-2. 5Sn	Grade9 Ti-3Al-2. 5V	BT6 Ti-6Al-4V
TA8 Ti-5A1-2. 5Sn- 3Cu-1. 5Zr	Grade10 Ti-11. 5Mo-4. 5Sn-6Zr	BT6c Ti-6Al-4V
TC1 Ti- 2Al-1. 5Mn	Grade11 Ti-0.2Pd	BT3-1 Ti-6Al-1.5Cr-2.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.3Si
TC2 Ti-3Al-1.5Mn	Grade12 Ti-0.3Mo-0.75Ni	BT9 Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-0.3Si
TC3 Ti-4Al-4V	A-1 Ti-5Al-2.5Sn	BT/4 Ti-5Al-3Mo-1.5V
TC4 Ti-6Al-4V	A-3 Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta	BT16 Ti-2.8Al-5Mo-5V
TC6 Ti-6Al-1.5Cr-2.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.3Si	A-4 Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V	BT18 Ti-8Al-0.6Mo-11Zr-1Nb
TC7 Ti-6Al-0.6Cr-0.4Fe-0.4Si-0.01B	AB-1 Ti-6Al-4V	BT19 Ti-3Al-5.5Mo-3.5V-5.5Cr-1Zr
Ti-6.5Al-3.5Mo-2.5Sn-0.3Si	AB-3 Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn	BT20 Ti-6Al-1.5Mo-1.5V
TC10 Ti-6Al-6V-2Sn-0.5Cu-0.5Fe	AB-4 Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo	BT22 Ti-5.5Al-5V-5Mo-1.5Cr-1.0Fe
TC11 Ti-6Al-3.5Mo-1.5Zr-0.3Si	AB-5 Ti-3Al-2.5V	ПT-3B Ti-4Al-2V
TB2 Ti-5Mo-5V-3Cr-3Al	B-1 Ti-3Al-13V-11Cr	ПT-7M Ti-2Al

 

 

Alloy grade	Nominal chemical composition	Impurity not greater than					Other elements
		Fe	C	N	H	0	sole	Sum total
TA1ELI	Commercial pure titanium	0.10	0.03	0.012	0.0080	0.10	0.05	0.20
TA1	Commercial pure titanium	0.20	0.08	0.030	0.0150	0. 18	0.10	0.40
TA1-1	Commercial pure titanium	0.15	0.05	0.030	0.0030	0.12	--	0.10
TA2ELI	Commercial pure titanium	0.20	0.05	0.030	0.0080	0. 10	0.05	0.20
TA2	Commercial pure titanium	0.30	0.08	0.030	0.0150	0.25	0.10	0.40
TA3ELI	Commercial pure titanium	0.25	0.05	0.040	0.0080	0.18	0.05	0.20
TA3	Commercial pure titanium	0.30	0.08	0.050	0.0150	0.35	0.10	0.40
TA4ELI	Commercial pure titanium	0.30	0.05	0.050	0.0080	0.25	0.05	0.20
TA4	Commercial pure titanium	0.50	0.08	0.050	0.0150	0.40	0.10	0.40

 

What is the use of titanium metal?
Because titanium alloy also has good compatibility with the human body, titanium alloy can also be used as artificial bone. Zirconium is a chemical material used in the atomic energy industry and as a corrosion resistant material at high temperature and pressure, but its activity in solution is second only to sodium.

 

 

As one of the leading titanium manufacturers and suppliers in China for 20 years, we warmly welcome you to buy titanium made in China here from our factory. All products are with high quality and competitive price.

34crnimo6 equavalent, d3 steel knife, 4130 Steel Tube