Carbon Steel
What is the definition of carbon steel?
Carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content of 0.0218% to 2.11%. Also known as carbon steel. - Generally contains small amounts of silicon, manganese, sulfur, and phosphorus. Generally, the higher the carbon content of carbon steel, the greater the hardness, the higher the strength, but the lower the plasticity.
According to the use of carbon steel can be divided into carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel and free cutting structural steel three categories, carbon structural steel is divided For engineering construction steel and machine manufacturing structural steel two kinds. According to the smelting method can be divided into open hearth steel, converter steel.
Common carbon steel chemical composition
The chemical composition of common carbon steel including carbon , , (C) silicon manganese , , (Si) (, , Mn) phosphate ( P) sulfur , , (S) chrome , , (Cr), nickel , , , Ni) and copper ( Cu) .
Carbon (C) : carbon is the main alloying element in steel, it increases the hardness and strength of steel, but too high carbon content will lead to toughness and weldability of steel reduced.
Silicon (Si) : silicon can improve the strength of steel, but high levels may lead to hot brittleness.
Manganese (Mn) : manganese can improve the strength and hardness of steel, also helps to improve the toughness and plasticity of steel.
Phosphorus (P) : Phosphorus is usually a harmful element in steel, because it reduces the toughness and weldability of steel.
Sulfur (S) : sulfur exists in steel in the form of sulfide, will reduce the ductility and toughness of steel, but an appropriate amount of sulfur can improve the machinability of steel by forming manganese sulfide.
Chromium (Cr) : chromium can improve the corrosion resistance and hardness of steel, is commonly used in the production of stainless steel and heat-resistant steel.
Nickel (Ni) : nickel can improve the corrosion resistance and toughness of steel, is usually used in stainless steel and special purpose alloy steel.
Copper (Cu) : copper is usually a harmful element in steel, because it may cause thermal brittleness but in some specific uses such as brass copper is a necessary alloying element.
Different grades of carbon steel vary in the content of these elements, to meet specific mechanical properties and application requirements. , for example, Q215A carbon steel chemical composition, phosphorus and sulfur , S , P) content less than 0.050% and 0.045% respectively, chromium , (Cr) nickel , , , Ni) and copper ( Cu) allow residual content of less than 0.030%. The control of these components is essential to ensure the properties of the steel
What are the classifications of carbon steel?
(1) According to the use of carbon steel can be divided into carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel and free cutting structural steel three categories, carbon structural steel is divided into engineering construction steel and machine manufacturing structural steel two;
(2) According to the smelting method can be divided into open-hearth steel, converter steel;
(3) According to the deoxidation method can be divided into boiling steel (F), killed steel (Z), semi-killed steel (b) and special killed steel (TZ);
(4) According to carbon content, carbon steel can be divided into low carbon steel (WC≤0.25%), medium carbon steel (WC0.25%-0.6%) and high carbon steel (WC>0.6%);
(5) According to the quality of steel, carbon steel can be divided into ordinary carbon steel (higher phosphorus and sulfur content), high-quality carbon steel (lower phosphorus and sulfur content) and high-grade high-quality steel (lower phosphorus and sulfur content) and extra high quality steel.
Advantages of carbon steel:
1.High strength: the strength of carbon steel is relatively high, can withstand high strength stress and pressure.
2, high hardness: the hardness of carbon steel is very high, can meet the hardness needs of many occasions.
3. Good wear resistance: carbon steel can become a very wear-resistant material after proper heat treatment. Therefore, it is widely used in machinery manufacturing, construction, automobile, aviation and other fields.
4. Good processing performance: carbon steel can be formed by forging, heat treatment and other processes, and is easy to process and cut. This makes carbon steel one of the most common manufacturing materials.
Disadvantages of carbon steel
1.Easy to rust: carbon steel contains iron, easy to oxygen, water vapor and other metal erosion caused by rust. If not prevented in time, it will cause greater damage to the material.
2. Strong corrosion: Compared with common stainless steel, carbon steel is more corrosive. In some special environments, such as seawater and other corrosive atmosphere, the life of carbon steel will be greatly affected.
3. Processing difficulty: the hardness of carbon steel is very high, so it needs more complex process technology than other materials when processing and forming. So the barriers to entry are high.
4. Easy to heat deformation: Because the coefficient of thermal expansion of carbon steel is relatively large, it is easy to deformation when heating. In addition, in some cases of multiple heating and cooling, there will be internal shrinkage holes, bubbles and other quality problems.
To sum up, carbon steel, as a common material, has its own advantages and disadvantages. When choosing to use carbon steel, it is necessary to depend on the specific field
Steel grade corresponding table by country
|
China |
Germany |
France |
International standard |
Japan |
sweden |
Britain |
America |
||
|
GB |
DIN |
W-Nr. |
NF |
ISO |
JIS |
SS |
BS |
ASTM |
UNS |
|
|
|||||||||
|
Q195 |
S185 |
1.0035 |
S185 |
HR2 |
－ |
－ |
S185 |
A285M Gr.B |
－ |
|
Q215A |
USt34-2 |
1.0028 |
A34 |
HR1 |
SS330 |
1370 |
040A12 |
A283M Gr.C |
－ |
|
A215B |
RSt34-2 |
1.0034 |
A34-2NE |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
A573M Gr.58 |
－ |
|
Q235A |
S235JR |
1.0037 |
S235JR |
Fe 360A |
SS 400 |
1311 |
S235JR |
A570 Gr.A |
K02501 |
|
Q235B |
S235JRG1 |
1.0036 |
S235JRG1 |
Fe 360D |
－ |
1312 |
S235JRG1 |
A570 Gr.D |
K02502 |
|
Q235C |
S235JRG2 |
1.0038 |
S235JRG2 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
S235JRG2 |
A283M Gr.D |
－ |
|
Q235D |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
Q255A |
St44-2 |
1.0044 |
E28-2 |
－ |
SM 400A |
1412 |
43B |
A709M Gr.36 |
|
|
Q255D |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
SM400B |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
Q275 |
S275J2G3 |
1.0144 |
S275J2G3 |
Fe430A |
SS490 |
1430 |
S275J2G3 |
－ |
K02901 |
|
|
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| Note: Old steel numbers in brackets | |||||||||
|
|
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|
（二）High quality carbon structured steel |
|||||||||
| China |
Germany |
France |
International standard |
japan |
sweden |
Britain |
America |
||
|
GB |
DIN |
W-Nr |
NF |
ISO |
JIS |
SS14 |
BS |
ASTM/AISI |
UNS |
|
|
|||||||||
|
05F |
D6-2 |
1.0314 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
015A03 |
1005 |
G10050 |
|
08F |
USt4 |
1.0336 |
－ |
－ |
S9CK |
－ |
－ |
≈1008 |
－ |
|
08 |
－ |
－ |
XC6 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
040A04 |
1008 |
G10080 |
|
10F |
USt13 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
≈1010 |
－ |
|
10 |
C10 |
1.0301 |
C10 |
－ |
S10C |
1265 |
040A10 |
1010 |
G10100 |
|
15 |
C15 |
1.0401 |
C12 |
－ |
S15C |
1350 |
040A15 |
1015 |
G10150 |
|
20 |
C22E |
1.1151 |
C22E |
－ |
S20C |
1435 |
C22E |
1020 |
G10200 |
|
25 |
C25E |
1.1158 |
C25E |
C25E4 |
S25C |
－ |
C25E |
1025 |
G10250 |
|
30 |
C30E |
1.1178 |
C30E |
C30E4 |
S30C |
－ |
C30E |
1030 |
G10300 |
|
35 |
C35E |
1.1181 |
C35E |
C35E4 |
S35C |
1572 |
C35E |
1035 |
G10350 |
|
40 |
C40E |
1.1186 |
C4E |
C40E4 |
S40C |
－ |
C40E |
1040 |
G10400 |
|
45 |
C45E |
1.1191 |
C45E |
C45E4 |
S45C |
1660 |
C40E |
1045 |
G10450 |
|
50 |
C50E |
1.1210 |
C50E |
C50E4 |
S50C |
1674 |
C50E |
1050 |
G10500 |
|
55 |
C55E |
1.1203 |
C55E |
C55E4 |
S55C |
1665 |
C55E |
1055 |
G10550 |
|
60 |
C60E |
1.1221 |
C60E |
C60E4 |
－ |
1678 |
C60E |
1060 |
G10600 |
|
65 |
Ck67 |
1.1231 |
XC65 |
SL,SM |
－ |
1770 |
060A67 |
1065 |
G10650 |
|
15Mn |
15Mn3 |
1.0467 |
12M5 |
－ |
－ |
1430 |
080A15 |
1016 |
G10160 |
|
20Mn |
21Mn4 |
1.0469 |
20M5 |
－ |
－ |
1434 |
080A20 |
1022 |
G10220 |
|
25Mn |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
080A25 |
1026 |
G10260 |
|
30Mn |
30Mn4 |
1.1146 |
32M5 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
080A30 |
1033 |
G10330 |
|
35Mn |
36Mn4 |
1.0561 |
32M5 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
080A35 |
1037 |
G1037 |
|
40Mn |
40Mn4 |
1.1157 |
40M5 |
SL,SM |
SWRH42B |
－ |
080A40 |
1039 |
G1039 |
|
45Mn |
－ |
－ |
45M5 |
SL,SM |
SWRH47B |
1672 |
080A47 |
1046 |
G1046 |
|
50Mn |
－ |
－ |
－ |
SL,SM |
SWRH52B |
1674 |
080A52 |
1053 |
G1053 |
|
60Mn |
60Mn3 |
1.0642 |
－ |
SL,SM |
S58C |
1678 |
080A62 |
1062 |
－ |
|
|
|||||||||
|
二、Construction steel bar steel numbers are similar to the table |
|||||||||
| China | Germany | France | International standard steel grade | Japan | Sweden | Britain | America | ||
|
GB |
DIN |
－ |
NF |
ISO |
JIS |
－ |
－ |
ASTM |
－ |
|
Q235 |
－ |
－ |
FeE235 |
PB240 |
SR235 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
20MnSi |
BSt420S |
－ |
FeE400 |
RB 400 |
SD 390 |
－ |
－ |
A706M |
－ |
|
20MnSiV |
－ |
－ |
FeTE400 |
RB400W |
－ |
－ |
－ |
A615M |
－ |
|
20MnTi |
－ |
－ |
FeE 400 |
RB 400 |
SD 390 |
－ |
－ |
A706M |
－ |
|
25MnSi |
－ |
－ |
FeE 400 |
RB 400 |
SD 390 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
|
|||||||||
|
三、Alloy structural steel steel number approximate comparison |
|||||||||
|
China |
Germany |
France |
International standard steel grade |
Japan |
Sweden | Britain |
America |
||
|
GB |
DIN |
W-Nr |
NF |
ISO |
JIS |
SS14 |
BS |
ASTM/AISI |
UNS |
|
20Mn2 |
20Mn6 |
1.1169 |
20M5 |
22Mn6 |
SMn420 |
－ |
150M19 |
1320 |
－ |
|
30Mn2 |
30Mn5 |
1.1165 |
32M5 |
28Mn6 |
－ |
－ |
150M28 |
1330 |
G13300 |
|
35Mn2 |
36Mn5 |
1.1167 |
35M5 |
36Mn6 |
SMn433 |
2120 |
150M6 |
1335 |
G13350 |
|
40Mn2 |
－ |
－ |
40M5 |
42Mn6 |
SMn438 |
－ |
－ |
1340 |
G13400 |
|
45Mn2 |
46Mn7 |
1.0912 |
45M5 |
－ |
SMn443 |
－ |
－ |
1345 |
G13450 |
|
50Mn2 |
50Mn7 |
1.0913 |
55M5 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
15MnV |
15MnV5 |
1.5213 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
20MnV |
20MnV6 |
1.5217 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
42MnV |
42MnV7 |
1.5223 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
35SiMn |
37MnSi5 |
1.5122 |
38MS5 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
En46S② |
－ |
－ |
|
42SiMn |
46MnSi4 |
1.5121 |
41S7 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
40B |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
170H41 |
14B35 |
－ |
|
45B |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
14B50 |
－ |
|
40MnB |
－ |
－ |
38MB5 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
185H40 |
－ |
－ |
|
15Cr |
15Cr3 |
1.7015 |
12C3 |
－ |
SCr415 |
15X |
523A14 |
5115 |
G51150 |
|
20Cr |
20Cr4 |
1.7027 |
18C3 |
20Cr4 |
SCr420 |
－ |
527A20 |
5120 |
G51200 |
|
30Cr |
28Cr4 |
1.7030 |
32C4 |
－ |
SCr430 |
－ |
530A30 |
5130 |
G51300 |
|
35Cr |
34Cr4 |
1.7033 |
38C4 |
34Cr4 |
SCr435 |
－ |
530A36 |
5135 |
G51350 |
|
40Cr |
41Cr4 |
1.7035 |
42C4 |
41Cr4 |
SCr440 |
2245 |
530A40 |
5140 |
G51400 |
|
45Cr |
－ |
－ |
45C4 |
－ |
SCr445 |
－ |
－ |
5145 |
G51450 |
|
50Cr |
－ |
－ |
50C4 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
5150 |
G51500 |
|
12CrMo |
13CrMoV44 |
1.7335 |
12CD4 |
－ |
－ |
2216 |
1501-620 |
4119 |
－ |
|
12CrMoV |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
Cr27 |
－ |
－ |
|
15CrMo① |
15CrMo5 |
1.7262 |
15CD4.05 |
－ |
SCM415 |
－ |
1501-620 |
－ |
－ |
|
20CrMo |
20CrMo5 |
1.7264 |
18CD4 |
18CrMo4 |
SCM420 |
|
CDS12 |
4118 |
G41180 |
|
25CrMo① |
25CrMo5 |
1.7218 |
25CD4 |
－ |
－ |
2225 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
30CrMo |
－ |
－ |
30CD4 |
－ |
SCM430 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
35CrMo |
34CrMo4 |
1.7220 |
35CD4 |
34CrMo4 |
SCM435 |
2234 |
708A37 |
4135 |
G41350 |
|
35CrMoV |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
CDS13 |
－ |
－ |
|
42CrMo |
42CrMo4 |
1.7225 |
42CD |
42CrMo4 |
SCM440 |
2244 |
708M40 |
4140 |
C41400 |
|
35Cr2MoVA |
24CrMo |
1.7733 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
25Cr2Mo1VA |
V55 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
20Cr3MoWVA |
21CrVMoW12 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
38CrMoA1 |
41CrA1Mo7 |
1.8509 |
40CAD |
41Cr |
－ |
2940 |
905M39 |
－ |
－ |
|
20CrV |
21CrV4 |
1.7510 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
6120 |
－ |
|
50CrVA |
51CrV4 |
1.8159 |
, , 50CV4 |
13 |
SUP10 |
2230 |
735A50 |
6150 |
G61500 |
|
15CrMn |
16MnCr5 |
1.7131 |
16MC5 |
－ |
－ |
2511 |
－ |
5115 |
G51150 |
|
20CrMn |
20MnCr5 |
1.7147 |
20MC5 |
20MnCr5 |
SMnC420 |
－ |
－ |
5120 |
G51200 |
|
20CrMnMo |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
SCM421 |
－ |
－ |
4119 |
－ |
|
40CrMnMo |
42CrMo4 |
1.7225 |
－ |
42CrMo4 |
SCM440 |
－ |
708A42 |
4142 |
G41420 |
|
30CrMnTi |
30MnCrTi4 |
1.8401 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
40CrNi |
40NiCr6 |
1.5711 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
640M40 |
3140 |
G31400 |
|
12CrNi2 |
14NiCr10 |
1.5732 |
14NC11 |
－ |
SNC415 |
－ |
－ |
3415 |
－ |
|
12CrNi3 |
14NiCr14 |
1.5752 |
14NC12 |
15NiCr13 |
SNC815 |
－ |
665A12 |
3310 |
G33106 |
|
20CrNi3 |
－ |
－ |
20NC11 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
－ |
|
30CrNi3 |
31NiCr14 |
1.5755 |
30NC11 |
－ |
SNC836 |
－ |
653M31 |
3435 |
－ |
|
12Cr2Ni4 |
14NiCr18 |
1.5860 |
12NC15 |
－ |
－ |
－ |
659M15 |
2515 |
－ |
|
20Cr2Ni4 |
～14NiCr14 |
1.5752 |
18NC13 |
|
～SNC815 |
|
～665M13 |
3316 |
－ |
|
20CrNiMo |
21NiCrMo2 |
1.6523 |
20NCD2 |
20NiCrMo2 |
SNCM220 |
2506 |
805M20 |
8620 |
G86200 |
|
45CrNiMoVA |
36CrNiMo4 |
1.6511 |
40NCD3 |
－ |
SNCM439 |
－ |
816M40 |
4340 |
G43400 |
Carbon steel production process quality control
1
The hot metal is pretreated
To control the temperature of molten iron above 1250 degrees, in the process, the other elements in the molten iron need to be separated from the operation, the content of other elements as far as possible to keep below 4%, so that other elements can be separated by mixing and adding desulphurization substances, in this process can also use the slag equipment to keep the slag rate at more than 80%.
2
Converter smelting
The method of converter smelting can improve the quality of products and reduce the consumption of raw materials. In the process of converter smelting, the smelting methods involved include oxygen top blown converter method, high pull carbon replenishment blowing method and low pull carbon carburizing method. High pressure oxygen gas flow is usually used to inject hot metal into the furnace, in this process, due to the high temperature conditions, hot metal and oxygen oxidation reaction, so as to achieve the perfect control of the process temperature and get rid of the interference of other components.
3
Regulation and control of sulfur content in high carbon steel
In the refining process, attention is paid to desulfurization operation, usually the slag reaction method is used, this is because the desulfurization reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs heat energy. Through the slag reaction method, calcium, iron, aluminum, silicon and other elements in the molten steel react with sulfur, so as to achieve the effect of desulfurization. In this process, some catalysts that do not affect the production can be added or fully stirred. Thus, the desulphurization is more adequate and the desulphurization rate is accelerated. In the process of high carbon steel refining, high carbon steel is very important for the regulation and control of sulfur content.
4
Control of aluminum content in high carbon steel
In the process of reproduction, the content of aluminum in high carbon steel is controlled within 2% as far as possible, which can not only improve the deformation performance of steel products, but also improve the plasticity of high carbon steel.
5
Tundish metallurgy
Tundish metallurgy technology is mainly to prevent the components in the billet reoxidation, thereby reducing the harm caused by oxidation problems, this technology is mainly in the ladle and tundish between the use of long water mouth, thereby reducing the content of impurities, to prevent the slag. In this process, attention should be paid to the control of temperature to reduce the harm of oxides, so as to improve the quality of steel embryo.
6
Electromagnetic stirring and light pressing technology
The working principle of electromagnetic stirring and light pressing technology is to control the stirring of metals and non-metals in molten steel through magnetic field induction. Electromagnetic stirring and light pressing techniques - generally used at the beginning of solidification of the cast block. Because molten steel has fluidity and is prone to center segregation, devices that emit magnetic fields can be used to make the crystals produced in this process move in the direction of the magnetic field. In this process, the size of the magnetic field force can be changed by adjusting the size of the current, so as to change the stirring force, so that the substance with a low melting point is separated.
7
Effective control of pouring temperature
Columnar crystals can easily cause segregation in the center of the billet. However, the casting temperature has a certain influence on columnar crystals. When the temperature increases, the diameter of the columnar crystal particles will become larger, and the segregation phenomenon will become more obvious. When the temperature is reduced, the equiaxial crystal of the billet will expand, so in the process of the billet, the temperature should be controlled as much as possible to be reasonable, which is conducive to the deformation of the metal.
Frequently Asked Questions
Sichuan Liaofu Special Steel Company.,Ltd
What methods of payments are supported?
+
-
304 stainless steel meets the international requirements of food grade,316 stainless steel is not only food grade or medical grade. However,the use of this medical grade as a production cup will not bring additional benefits to everyone. Why is it called 304 or 316? This is mainly defined according to the material composition. 316 stainless steel is not similar to mineral materials,after use can release some substances to promote human absorption.
Can I cancel at anytime?
+
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304 stainless steel meets the international requirements of food grade,316 stainless steel is not only food grade or medical grade. However,the use of this medical grade as a production cup will not bring additional benefits to everyone. Why is it called 304 or 316? This is mainly defined according to the material composition. 316 stainless steel is not similar to mineral materials,after use can release some substances to promote human absorption.
How do I get a receipt for my purchase?
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304 stainless steel meets the international requirements of food grade,316 stainless steel is not only food grade or medical grade. However,the use of this medical grade as a production cup will not bring additional benefits to everyone. Why is it called 304 or 316? This is mainly defined according to the material composition. 316 stainless steel is not similar to mineral materials,after use can release some substances to promote human absorption.
Which license do lneed?
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304 stainless steel meets the international requirements of food grade,316 stainless steel is not only food grade or medical grade. However,the use of this medical grade as a production cup will not bring additional benefits to everyone. Why is it called 304 or 316? This is mainly defined according to the material composition. 316 stainless steel is not similar to mineral materials,after use can release some substances to promote human absorption.
How do I get access to a theme l purchased?
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304 stainless steel meets the international requirements of food grade,316 stainless steel is not only food grade or medical grade. However,the use of this medical grade as a production cup will not bring additional benefits to everyone. Why is it called 304 or 316? This is mainly defined according to the material composition. 316 stainless steel is not similar to mineral materials,after use can release some substances to promote human absorption.
As one of the leading carbon steel manufacturers and suppliers in China for 20 years, we warmly welcome you to buy carbon steel made in China here from our factory. All products are with high quality and competitive price.
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